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<p><a href="cpp.html" title="cpp"><span style="font-size: 2em;">C++ reference</span><br>
<span style="font-size: 0.8em;">C++98, C++03, C++11, C++14</span>
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<p><a href="cpp/language/ascii.html" title="cpp/language/ascii"> ASCII chart</a><br>
<a href="cpp/compiler_support.html" title="cpp/compiler support"> Compiler support</a>
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<p><a href="cpp/preprocessor.html" title="cpp/preprocessor"> Preprocessor</a><br>
<a href="cpp/keywords.html" title="cpp/keyword"> Keywords</a><br>
<a href="cpp/language/operator_precedence.html" title="cpp/language/operator precedence"> Operator precedence</a><br>
<a href="cpp/language/escape.html" title="cpp/language/escape"> Escape sequences</a><br>
<a href="cpp/language/types.html" title="cpp/language/types"> Fundamental types</a>
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<p><b><a href="cpp/concept.html" title="cpp/concept"> Concepts</a></b>
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<p><b><a href="cpp/utility.html" title="cpp/utility"> Utilities library</a></b>
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<p><a href="cpp/types.html" title="cpp/types"> Type support</a><br>
<a href="cpp/memory.html" title="cpp/memory"> Dynamic memory management</a><br>
<a href="cpp/error.html" title="cpp/error"> Error handling</a><br>
<a href="cpp/utility/program.html" title="cpp/utility/program"> Program utilities</a><br>
<a href="cpp/chrono.html" title="cpp/chrono"> Date and time</a><br>
<a href="cpp/utility/bitset.html" title="cpp/utility/bitset"><tt>bitset</tt></a><br>
<a href="cpp/utility/functional.html" title="cpp/utility/functional"> Function objects</a><br>
<a href="cpp/utility/pair.html" title="cpp/utility/pair"><tt>pair</tt></a>  −  
<a href="cpp/utility/tuple.html" title="cpp/utility/tuple"><tt>tuple</tt></a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span><br>
<a href="cpp/utility/integer_sequence.html" title="cpp/utility/integer sequence"><tt>integer_sequence</tt></a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx14">(C++14)</span>
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<p><b><a href="cpp/string.html" title="cpp/string"> Strings library</a></b>
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<p><a href="cpp/string/basic_string.html" title="cpp/string/basic string"><tt>basic_string</tt></a><br>
<a href="cpp/string/byte.html" title="cpp/string/byte"> Null-terminated byte strings</a><br>
<a href="cpp/string/multibyte.html" title="cpp/string/multibyte"> Null-terminated multibyte strings</a><br>
<a href="cpp/string/wide.html" title="cpp/string/wide"> Null-terminated wide strings</a>
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<p><b><a href="cpp/container.html" title="cpp/container"> Containers library</a></b>
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<p><a href="cpp/container/array.html" title="cpp/container/array"><tt>array</tt></a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span><br>
<a href="cpp/container/vector.html" title="cpp/container/vector"><tt>vector</tt></a>  −  
<a href="cpp/container/deque.html" title="cpp/container/deque"><tt>deque</tt></a><br>
<a href="cpp/container/list.html" title="cpp/container/list"><tt>list</tt></a>  −  <a href="cpp/container/forward_list.html" title="cpp/container/forward list"><tt>forward_list</tt></a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span><br>
<a href="cpp/container/set.html" title="cpp/container/set"><tt>set</tt></a>  −  <a href="cpp/container/multiset.html" title="cpp/container/multiset"><tt>multiset</tt></a><br>
<a href="cpp/container/map.html" title="cpp/container/map"><tt>map</tt></a>  −  <a href="cpp/container/multimap.html" title="cpp/container/multimap"><tt>multimap</tt></a><br>
<a href="cpp/container/unordered_set.html" title="cpp/container/unordered set"><tt>unordered_set</tt></a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span><br>
<a href="cpp/container/unordered_multiset.html" title="cpp/container/unordered multiset"><tt>unordered_multiset</tt></a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span><br>
<a href="cpp/container/unordered_map.html" title="cpp/container/unordered map"><tt>unordered_map</tt></a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span><br>
<a href="cpp/container/unordered_multimap.html" title="cpp/container/unordered multimap"><tt>unordered_multimap</tt></a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span><br>
<a href="cpp/container/stack.html" title="cpp/container/stack"><tt>stack</tt></a>  −  <a href="cpp/container/queue.html" title="cpp/container/queue"><tt>queue</tt></a>  −  <a href="cpp/container/priority_queue.html" title="cpp/container/priority queue"><tt>priority_queue</tt></a>
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<p><b><a href="cpp/algorithm.html" title="cpp/algorithm"> Algorithms library</a></b>
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<p><b><a href="cpp/iterator.html" title="cpp/iterator"> Iterators library</a></b>
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<p><b><a href="cpp/numeric.html" title="cpp/numeric"> Numerics library</a></b>
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<p><a href="cpp/numeric/math.html" title="cpp/numeric/math"> Common mathematical functions</a><br>
<a href="cpp/numeric/complex.html" title="cpp/numeric/complex"> Complex numbers</a><br>
<a href="cpp/numeric/random.html" title="cpp/numeric/random"> Pseudo-random number generation</a>
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<p><b><a href="cpp/io.html" title="cpp/io"> Input/output library</a></b>
</p>
<div class="mainpagediv">
<p><a href="cpp/io/basic_streambuf.html" title="cpp/io/basic streambuf"><tt>basic_streambuf</tt></a><br>
<a href="cpp/io/basic_filebuf.html" title="cpp/io/basic filebuf"><tt>basic_filebuf</tt></a><br>
<a href="cpp/io/basic_stringbuf.html" title="cpp/io/basic stringbuf"><tt>basic_stringbuf</tt></a><br>
<a href="cpp/io/ios_base.html" title="cpp/io/ios base"><tt>ios_base</tt></a><br>
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<a href="cpp/io/basic_ostringstream.html" title="cpp/io/basic ostringstream"><tt>basic_ostringstream</tt></a><br>
<a href="cpp/io/basic_stringstream.html" title="cpp/io/basic stringstream"><tt>basic_stringstream</tt></a><br>
<a href="cpp/io/manip.html" title="cpp/io/manip"> I/O manipulators</a><br>
<a href="cpp/io/c.html" title="cpp/io/c"> C-style I/O </a>
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<p><b><a href="cpp/locale.html" title="cpp/locale"> Localizations library</a></b>
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<p><b><a href="cpp/regex.html" title="cpp/regex"> Regular expressions library</a></b> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span>
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<p><b><a href="cpp/atomic.html" title="cpp/atomic"> Atomic operations library</a></b> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span>
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<p><b><a href="cpp/thread.html" title="cpp/thread"> Thread support library</a></b> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-cxx11">(C++11)</span>
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<td colspan="3"> <b><a href="cpp/experimental.html" title="cpp/experimental"> Experimental standard libraries</a></b><br>
<p><b><a href="cpp/experimental/lib_extensions.html" title="cpp/experimental/lib extensions"> Standard library extensions</a></b>  <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-libfund-ts t-mark-ts">(library fundamentals TS)</span>
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<div class="mainpagediv">
<p><a href="cpp/experimental/optional.html" title="cpp/experimental/optional"><tt>optional</tt></a><br>
<a href="cpp/experimental/any.html" title="cpp/experimental/any"><tt>any</tt></a><br>
<a href="cpp/experimental/basic_string_view.html" title="cpp/experimental/basic string view"><tt>basic_string_view</tt></a><br>
<a href="cpp/experimental/memory.html" title="cpp/experimental/memory"> Polymorphic allocator library</a>
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<p><b><a href="cpp/experimental/fs.html" title="cpp/experimental/fs"> Filesystem library</a></b>  <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-fs-ts t-mark-ts">(filesystem TS)</span>
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<td colspan="3"> <a href="cpp/links.html" title="cpp/links">External Links</a>  −  <a href="cpp/links/libs.html" title="cpp/links/libs">Non-ANSI/ISO Libraries</a>
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<td> <span style="margin:12px;"></span>
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<p><a href="c.html" title="c"><span style="font-size: 2em;">C reference</span><br>
<span style="font-size: 0.8em;">C89, C99, C11</span>
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<p><a href="c/language/ascii.html" title="c/language/ascii"> ASCII chart</a>
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<a href="c/keyword.html" title="c/keyword"> Keywords</a><br>
<a href="c/language/operator_precedence.html" title="c/language/operator precedence"> Operator precedence</a><br>
<a href="cpp/language/escape.html" title="cpp/language/escape"> Escape sequences</a>
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<p><b><a href="c/header.html" title="c/header"> Headers</a></b>
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<p><b><a href="c/types.html" title="c/types"> Type support</a></b>
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<p><b><a href="c/memory.html" title="c/memory"> Dynamic memory management</a></b>
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<p><b><a href="c/error.html" title="c/error"> Error handling</a></b>
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<p><b><a href="c/program.html" title="c/program"> Program utilities</a></b>
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<p><b><a href="c/chrono.html" title="c/chrono"> Date and time utilities</a></b>
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<p><b><a href="c/string.html" title="c/string"> Strings library</a></b>
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<p><a href="c/string/byte.html" title="c/string/byte"> NULL-terminated byte strings</a><br>
<a href="c/string/multibyte.html" title="c/string/multibyte"> NULL-terminated multibyte strings</a><br>
<a href="c/string/wide.html" title="c/string/wide"> NULL-terminated wide strings</a>
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<p><b><a href="c/algorithm.html" title="c/algorithm"> Algorithms</a></b>
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<p><b><a href="c/numeric.html" title="c/numeric"> Numerics</a></b>
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<div class="mainpagediv">
<p><a href="c/numeric/math.html" title="c/numeric/math"> Mathematical functions</a><br>
<a href="c/numeric/fenv.html" title="c/numeric/fenv"> Floating-point environment</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span><br>
<a href="c/numeric/random.html" title="c/numeric/random"> Pseudo-random number generation</a><br>
<a href="c/numeric/complex.html" title="c/numeric/complex"> Complex number arithmetic</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span><br>
<a href="c/numeric/tgmath.html" title="c/numeric/tgmath"> Type-generic math</a> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c99">(C99)</span>
</p>
</div>
<p><b><a href="c/io.html" title="c/io"> Input/output support</a></b>
</p>
<p><b><a href="c/locale.html" title="c/locale"> Localization support</a></b>
</p>
<p><b><a href="c/atomic.html" title="c/atomic"> Atomic operations library</a></b> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span>
</p>
<p><b><a href="c/thread.html" title="c/thread"> Thread support library</a></b> <span class="t-mark-rev t-since-c11">(C11)</span>
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<tr class="row rowbottom">
<td colspan="3"> <a href="c/links.html" title="c/links">External Links</a>  −  <a href="c/links/libs.html" title="c/links/libs">Non-ANSI/ISO Libraries</a>
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<td> <span style="font-size: 1.5em;">News</span>
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<ul><li> 27 August 2014: New version of the <a href="http%3A//en.cppreference.com/w/Cppreference%3AArchives" title="Cppreference:Archives">offline archive</a>
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<ul><li> 25 August 2014: The offline archive has been <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https%3A//packages.debian.org/search%3Fkeywords%3Dcppreference%26searchon%3Dnames%26suite%3Dall%26section%3Dall">accepted</a> into official Debian repositories.
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<ul><li> 4 July 2014: New version of the <a href="http%3A//en.cppreference.com/w/Cppreference%3AArchives" title="Cppreference:Archives">offline archive</a>
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<ul><li> 30 June 2014: It is now possible to configure Doxygen to link standard library names to cppreference via tag file functionality. For more information, see <a href="http%3A//en.cppreference.com/w/Cppreference%3AArchives%23Doxygen_tag_file" title="Cppreference:Archives">here</a>.
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